Eye-Tracking Assessment of Visual, Oculomotor, and Pupillary Biomarkers During Reading in Parkinson's Disease.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with visual, cognitive, and oculomotor alterations that may impair reading, highlighting the potential of eye tracking to objectively characterise these changes during a task. An observational study included 46 patients with PD, classified according to the Hoehn and Yahr (HY) scale, and 56 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent a comprehensive optometric examination and performed the Radner-Vissum reading test at 50 cm, while eye movements were recorded using a portable eye tracker. Fixation, saccadic, pupil diameter, and reading performance variables were analysed. PD patients showed a progressive reduction in pupil diameter (p = 0.001) and saccadic alterations, with reduced amplitude and velocity at the initial visual acuity levels (p p > 0.05). They also showed longer reading times, greater total reading time (84.33 ± 30.39 s vs. 37.50 ± 7.23 s; p p p p = 0.905). Overall, PD was associated with impaired reading performance and oculomotor and autonomic nervous system changes objectively measured by eye tracking during functional reading.

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