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IntroductionFreezing of Gait (FOG) is a prevalent and debilitating symptom in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). This study evaluated spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters in individuals with PD with a history of FOG and explored the effects of dopaminergic therapy on FOG subtypes.MethodsOne hundred and nine individuals with PD underwent clinical assessments and quantitative biomechanical measures during walking cycles before and after dopaminergic therapy. Individuals with FOG were classified into levodopa-responsive and levodopa-unresponsive groups.ResultsIndividuals with FOG displayed longer disease duration and higher Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) II, III, IV scores, and total scores and levodopa equivalent dose, than those without FOG (all p p = 0.029) remained before and after dopaminergic therapy, even after adjusting for disease duration and clinical severity.DiscussionDopaminergic therapy had varying effects on PD with FOG, improving several spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters but being less effective in levodopa-unresponsive cases. Quantitative biomechanical measures offer detailed insights into gait performance, aiding personalized fall risk assessment and guiding individualized rehabilitation programs.
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