Urinary metal levels and their association with Parkinson's disease risk: insights from NHANES 2013-2020.

Research overview

The text below is the source article’s original abstract under a verified reuse license. cc by

BackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) poses a significant public health challenge worldwide, with both genetic predispositions and behavioral factors contributing to its onset and progression. While the precise mechanisms underlying PD remain uncertain, environmental influences are increasingly acknowledged as critical risk factors. This research focused on investigating the relationship between urinary metal levels and the likelihood of developing PD.MethodsUsing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), urinary levels of nine metals-barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), cesium (Cs), molybdenum (Mo), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), thallium (Tl), and uranium (Tu)-were measured in a cohort of 3,148 US adults. To examine their association with Parkinson's disease (PD) risk, multivariate logistic regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and quantile regression were employed to evaluate both single and combined metal exposures. Additionally, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was utilized to explore the joint effects of these metals, allowing for the assessment of potential nonlinear and non-additive interactions (using the "BKMR" package). Smooth curve fitting was further applied to visualize the nonlinear relationships between urinary metal concentrations and PD risk.ResultsIn the single-exposure model, Mo, Tu and Cd were positively correlated with the risk of PD, with odds ratios (OR) ranging from 4.61 to 5.46 (all p ConclusionIn conclusion, this cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data indicates that higher urinary concentrations of metals including Mo, Cd, and Tu are associated with increased odds of PD among US adults. Mixed exposures to several metals may jointly elevate PD risk in a dose-dependent manner.

Related topics