Utility of the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale and INECO Frontal Screening for differentiating dementia subtypes between Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia.

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BackgroundTime to dementia diagnosis is a major barrier to effective care, particularly in resource-limited settings such as Latin America. Barriers to timely dementia diagnosis include the lack of access to comprehensive neuropsychological testing, cognitive specialists, and advanced diagnostic tools. Brief cognitive assessments, such as the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) and INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) offer promise for diverse populations, and may help in specific dementia subtypes, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD).ObjectiveThis study evaluates the efficacy of RUDAS and IFS in comparison to the Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE).MethodsA total of 243 participants (70 normal cognition Controls, 62 PD with normal cognition, 46 PDD, and 75 AD) were recruited as part of an observational cross-sectional study at a cognitive clinic in Peru. Diagnosis was based on clinical criteria and confirmed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Participants underwent cognitive assessment using RUDAS, IFS, and MMSE.ResultsBoth RUDAS and IFS differentiated dementia from normal cognition groups with 100% specificity, compared to 53% for MMSE. The IFS identified early cognitive changes in PD (median score: PD = 24; Controls = 27, p ConclusionsThese results suggest that RUDAS and IFS can enable faster and clearer diagnoses for dementia subtypes, offering clinicians and community health workers practical tools to improve care in resource-limited settings where comprehensive evaluations are not always feasible.

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