NeuralCipher Research overview
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Advanced Parkinson disease has prognostic and therapeutic implications, yet staging tools are qualitative and difficult to operationalize for longitudinal modelling and cross-cohort comparison. We developed a reproducible operationalization that translates the 13-item Diagnostic Criteria for Advanced Parkinson Disease questionnaire into structured variables and generates longitudinal labels capturing certainty of advanced disease. In the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative near-diagnosis cohort (n = 1,302; up to 13 years), we applied this pipeline to characterize label trajectories and face validity over time. As a proof of utility, we used baseline clinical and genetic features to forecast advanced disease at years 7-11, explicitly separating forecasting from contemporaneous staging. Using a binary long-horizon endpoint, the best year-9 model showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.89 (95% CI 0.81-0.97). In an independent real-world cohort with ≥ 11 years follow-up (n = 35), discrimination attenuated (0.55-0.61), consistent with dataset shift and limited event counts.
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