SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE · PPR

Environmental determinants of Parkinson’s disease and attributable burden in Latin America

Teixeira-dos-Santos D, Chaparro-Solano HM, Duarte-Zambrano JF, Leal T, Inca-Martinez M, Waldo E, Noyce A, Adamec DS, Gatto EM, Santos-Lobato BL, Duarte JdS, Cardoso FEC, Letro GH, Arboleda G, Orozco J, Ospina BM, Medina-Cordero P, Chana-Cuevas P, Pizarro-Correa X, Salles P, Aguillon D, Pineda D, Martínez SLP, Ascencio T, Müller MV, Merello M, Wainberg FN, Braga-Neto P, Rangel D, Tela MS, Álvarez-Herrera E, Rodríguez-Violante M, Cervantes-Arriaga A, Martinez-Ramirez D, Schuh A, Rieder C, Cornejo-Olivas M, Armas C, Rios-Pinto J, Medina-Colque A, Mejia-Rojas K, Viñuela A, Rosso AL, Kauffman M, Tumas V, Vilela G, Borges V, Avila C, Olguín P, Colombo A, Nuñez JC, Jorquera S, Fernandez-Toledo E, Lázaro-Figueroa A, Esquivias-Farías JM, Estrada-Bellmann I, Reyes-Pérez P, Medina-Rivera A, Alcauter S, Muñoz-Quezada MT, Mata I.

· 2026-07-14

DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-10221836/v1

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Abstract We investigated environmental determinants of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their attributable burden in a case-control study of 9,887 participants from nine Latin American countries. Logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and country estimated associations, and population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated for modifiable risk factors. Weekly caffeine consumption (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.77, p p = 0.0009) were inversely associated with PD, whereas severe head trauma (aOR 1.35), occupational pesticide exposure (aOR 1.42), occupational metal exposure (aOR 1.29), rural living (aOR 1.60), and well water consumption (aOR 1.22) increased PD risk (all p

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