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SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE · MED

Gut, brain and the Glycocalyx: A portrait of Parkinsons disease.

Adv Colloid Interface Sci · 2026-03-18

DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2026.103880PMID: 41895098

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Research overview

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Parkinson's disease (PD) has generated extensive data without a unifying mechanism. Although growing evidence implicates the gut microbiome in PD pathogenesis, the gut-brain connection remains unresolved. While the nature of such interactions remains elusive, increasingly it is the glycocalyx, a nanoscale structural network lining endothelial surfaces that is emerging as a key linkage to disease mechanisms. We propose the endothelial surface layer-glycocalyx (ESL-GC) complex as the missing mechanistic interface. Within this framework, microbiome dysbiosis, disruption of ESL-GC structure and function, potassium dysregulation, other specific ion effects, and reactive gas nanobubbles act together as foundational contributors to PD pathology. This model reframes PD from a primarily dopamine-centred neurodegenerative disorder to an interface-based systems disorder and offers a coherent basis for integrating previously conflicting findings.

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