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BackgroundVitamin D deficiency is linked to Parkinson disease (PD) pathogenesis; however, clinical trial results remain inconclusive. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Thai patients with PD and the efficacy of vitamin D3 supplementation on clinical outcomes in a tropical, sun-abundant region.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 60 patients with PD and 60 healthy controls. Patients with PD were randomized 1:1 to receive 2000 IU/d of vitamin D3 or no additional treatment (control) for 12 weeks. Primary outcomes included changes in MDS-UPDRS, Hoehn and Yahr (mH&Y), Thai Mini-Mental State Examination, and PDQ-39 scores. The secondary outcome was the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D ResultsAt baseline, vitamin D deficiency was significantly more prevalent in patients with PD than in healthy controls (23.2% vs 10.0%, P = .046). After 12 weeks, the vitamin D group showed a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D levels compared to the control group (P ConclusionVitamin D deficiency is common among Thai patients with PD, despite equatorial proximity. While 2000 IU/d of vitamin D3 safely corrected nutritional deficiency, it provided no significant short-term motor or cognitive benefits.
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