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SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE · MED

Biological heterogeneity in Parkinson's disease: implications for MRI-based patient stratification.

NPJ Parkinsons Dis · 2026-08-27

DOI: 10.1038/s41531-026-01544-zPMID: 42660962

Open accessreview-article; Review; Journal ArticleOriginal source ↗

Research overview

The text below is the source article’s original abstract under a verified reuse license. cc by

Parkinson's disease is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by diverse pathological processes and clinical manifestations. Here, we propose a multidimensional framework to assess this heterogeneity, with each dimension potentially captured using advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques. The framework comprises dominant pathological processes, spatial distribution patterns of pathology across brain regions, propagation architecture, temporal dynamics of disease progression, co-pathology burden, and system response and resilience mechanisms.

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